Aphasia is
an acquired communication disorder caused by brain damage. It is characterised
by an impairment of language modalities speaking, listening, reading and
writing. One of the most disabling consequences of aphasia is the way that it
excludes the person from conversation. The needs of children with communication
disorder (Down's syndrome) tend to be different to the needs of other children
with learning difficulties, because of their hearing and speech motor
difficulties. Children who have Down's syndrome face complicated challenges in
mastering and using speech language and communication skills. With the right
opportunities and support they can develop communication skills that help them
to make relationships and socialise, communicate wishes needs and aspirations
and use language effectively as a tool in all sorts of situations.
People with
Down's syndrome require direct teaching of specific aspects of language and
communication skills as well as good language models and general language
stimulation to support language learning. Greatest gains in language are
usually made when intervention is started early, however people who have Down's
syndrome can benefit from speech and language therapy throughout life. Speech
and language therapy focuses on amongst other areas: expressive language,
receptive language, ability to understand words spoken to you, and the ability
to use words to express oneself. Speech and language therapist will identify and
improve abilities with expressive language, functional communication skills,
and oral motor feeding issues. They also improve communication through
interpersonal interaction, idea expression, obtaining desires, and sharing
information.
Speech and
language therapy helps people in reducing and coping with communication
problems caused by an illness or disorder. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs)
can guide them through relearning the mental and physical aspects of producing
speech and having conversations. For people who are unable to regain their
speaking abilities completely after recovering from an illness, accident or
stroke, therapy can help them to work around their remaining difficulties by
teaching them other ways to make themselves understood by using assistive
communication technology.
Speech and
language therapists work to assess, diagnose and develop a programme of care to
maximize the communication skills of individuals who experience speech,
language and other communication difficulties. In practice, they do more than
just teach an individual to speak. They may also teach someone how to
understand and use a range of other skills, such as what non-verbal signals
mean and how to take part in a two-way conversation. Speech and language
therapists use a wide range of techniques and strategies. For example, they may
teach non-verbal children how to use electronic devices or manual signing
systems. Therapists evaluate oral-motor skills, sound production, and speech.
They also provided treatment intervention to improve strength, coordination,
movement, and placement of the tongue, lips, jaw, and cheeks rely on the proper
function and structure of the oral areas. Speech-language therapy also delves
into cognitive reorganization and other technical areas. They consult with the
child’s teacher to determine the most effective methods to assist the child’s
communication in school or at day care. At home, they confer with the family to
determine the most effective methods to assist the child’s communication. Thereafter,
they create goals and procedures for successful therapy at home and at school.
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